Identifying and addressing immunization inequities is core to the success of immunization programmes and will require a collective effort from all parts of the immunization programme, working in partnership with governments and other areas of health. This document provides practical guidance for those working in immunization programmes to help advocate for immunization equity, embed equity as am aim in delivery of immunization programmes, and understand existing inequities by considering: who is left behind; why they were left behind; how we can intervene to resolve and avoid this; and whether our intervention has made a difference.