L’orthopoxvirus simien ou virus de la variole du singe (MPXV), est un virus à ADN double brin qui appartient au genre Orthopoxvirus de la famille
des Poxviridés. Les poxvirus causent des maladies chez l’espèce humaine et beaucoup d’autres animaux ; l’infection se manifeste généralement... par la formation de lésions, de nodules cutanés ou d’une éruption cutanée disséminée. Les autres espèces d’orthopoxvirus (OPXV) pathogènes pour l’être humain comprennent le virus de la variole bovine et le virus variolique (responsable de la variole, qui a été éradiquée). Le virus de la vaccine est également un OPXV qui a été utilisé pour la vaccination humaine, et a été un outil essentiel pour l’éradication de la variole, obtenue en 1980. Le MPXV doit son nom au fait qu’il a été identifié pour la première fois chez le singe. Le MPXV se retrouve principalement chez les rongeurs, mais son réservoir reste indéterminé. Il existe deux clades connus du MPXV, l’un endémique en Afrique de l’Ouest, et l’autre dans la région du bassin du Congo.
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The monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade I epidemic that has been affecting the Democratic Republic of the Congo
(DRC) since November 2023 has recently spread to several other African countries including Burundi, Rwanda,
Uganda and Kenya. The size of these outbreaks could be larger than reported due to un...der-ascertainment and
under-reporting.
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This toolkit is a comprehensive set of practical tools and resources designed to support country-level risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) practitioners, decision-makers, and partners to plan and implement readiness and response activities for dengue fever outbreaks. The toolkit conta...ins: information about dengue fever; RCCE considerations for how to approach key issues during dengue fever outbreaks; tools for understanding the context in which dengue fever outbreaks occur; methods for collecting data to inform strategy development and bring evidence into planning and implementation of activities; guidance to support vector control and prevention activities; case studies; and links to existing RCCE tools and training. It is one of a suite of toolkits on RCCE readiness and response to a range of disease and response areas.
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The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework is a World Health Assembly resolution adopted unanimously by all Member States in 2011. It brings together Member States, industry, other stakeholders and WHO to implement a global approach to pandemic influenza preparedness and response. The Frame...work includes a benefit-sharing mechanism called the Partnership Contribution (PC). The PC is collected as an annual cash contribution from influenza vaccine, diagnostic, and pharmaceutical manufacturers that use the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS). Funds are allocated for: (a) pandemic preparedness capacity building; (b) response activities during the time of an influenza pandemic; and (c) PIP Secretariat for the management and implementation of the Framework.
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A person who lives in or has traveled in the previous 14 days to areas with dengue transmission, and presents with acute fever that has typically lasted 2 to 7 days, and two or more of the following clinical manifestations: nausea or vomiting, exanthema, headache or retro-orbital pain, myalgia or ar...thralgia, petechiae or positive tourniquet test (+), leukopenia, with or without any warning sign or sign of severity. A suspected case is also considered to be any child who resides in or has traveled in the previous 14 days to an area with dengue transmission that presents acute febrile symptoms, usually for 2 to 7 days, without an apparent focus.
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Cholera epidemics continue to be a major public health problem in many countries around the
world. When epidemics strike, they can spread rapidly. The disease can also evolve quickly;
patients with severe disease can die of dehydration hours after showing the first symptoms of
cholera.
This resource pack was developed for the country offices of the World Health Organization and national Public Health institutions, as an overview of the key information needed for advising their Member States in response to questions raised on human health due to influenza outbreaks or detections in... animals. It assembles the available information from WHO, FAO and WOAH, on recommendations and guidelines on influenza that might be relevant to a country experiencing detections or outbreaks of influenza in animals or facing suspicion of human infections with animal-origin influenza viruses. This resource pack updates the information provided in the Summary of Key Information Practical to Countries Experiencing Outbreaks of A(H5N1) and Other Subtypes of Avian Influenza, published in 2016. Additionally, the scope of this current document was broadened to address the risks to public health from all animal influenza viruses, not only avian influenza. Links to existing resources were updated and new resources were added where available.
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The Pandemic Influenza Pandemic (PIP) Framework's Partnership Contribution (PC) High-Level Implementation Plan III (HLIP III) outlines the strategy for strengthening global pandemic influenza preparedness from 2024 to 2030. HLIP III takes into consideration the lessons learned from the response to t...he COVID-19 pandemic, the gains made over time, including from previous HLIPs, and the broader programmatic and policy context in order to address gaps in pandemic influenza preparedness. Implementation of HLIP III will strengthen global, regional, and country-level pandemic influenza preparedness.
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In a retrospective review of hospital records of 40 human monkeypox cases from Nigeria, the majority developed fever and self-limiting vesiculopustular skin eruptions. Five deaths
were reported. Compared to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–negative cases, HIV type 1–coinfected cases had more ...prolonged illness, larger lesions, and higher rates of both secondary bacterial skin infections and genital ulcers.
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In September, 2017, human monkeypox re-emerged in Nigeria, 39 years after the last reported case. We aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of the 2017–18 human monkeypox outbreak in Nigeria.
The goal of the global outbreak response for monkeypox is to stop human-to-human transmission of monkeypox, with a priority focus on communities at high risk of exposure which may differ according to context, and to effectively use strong public health measures to prevent onward spread of the diseas...e. Judicious use of vaccines can support this response. This interim guidance, developed with the advice and support of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) Working Group on smallpox and monkeypox vaccines, provides the first WHO recommendations on vaccines and immunization for monkeypox. Key points follow.
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Clinical management handbook
Technical Note: Cholera treatment facilities provide inpatient care for cholera patients during outbreaks. Proper case management and isolation of cholera patients is essential to prevent deaths and help control the spread of
the disease. Traditionally, these structures have been referred to as ch...olera treatment centres (CTCs) and
cholera treatment units (CTUs). CTCs are usually large structures set up at central level (e.g. urban areas),
while CTUs are smaller structures set up in the periphery (e.g. peri-urban or rural areas). CTCs/CTUs can
be set up as independent structures in tents or within existing buildings or wards of health structures.
Whatever the structure, the principles described in this document should be respected
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Note technique. Les centres de traitement de choléra fournissent des soins hospitaliers aux patients atteints de choléra
pendant les épidémies. Une prise en charge de qualité et l’isolement des patients atteints du choléra sont
essentiels pour prévenir les décès et aider à lutter con...tre la propagation de la maladie. Traditionnellement,
ces structures sont appelées centres de traitement du choléra (CTC) et unités de traitement du choléra (UTC).
Les CTC sont généralement de grandes structures mises en place au niveau central (zones urbaines, par
exemple), tandis que les UTC sont des structures plus petites, installées en périphérie (zones périurbaines ou
rurales, par exemple). Les CTC/UTC peuvent être mis en place en tant que structures indépendantes dans
des tentes ou à l’intérieur de bâtiments existants ou dans des unités sanitaires. Quelle que soit la structure,
les principes décrits dans ce document doivent être respectés.
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Proper Sanitation is the only method to success
MEDBOX Issue Brief no.22, updated August 9, 2022