Antibiotics, also known as antimicrobial drugs, are medicines that can kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria to cure infections in people, animals and sometimes plants. Antibiotics are medicines for bacterial infections (such as pneumococcal pneumonia or staphylococcal bloodstream infections); anti...microbial drugs that are effective against viruses are usually called antiviral drugs (such as those for influenza, HIV and herpes). Not all antibiotics are active against all bacteria. There are more than 15 different classes of antibiotics that differ in their chemical structure and their action against bacteria. An antibiotic may be effective against only one or multiple types of bacteria.
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The Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library is collecting COVID-19 (2019 Novel Coronavirus) research articles and compiling them into an easily accessible and downloadable database to help researchers find the latest COVID-19 research
This database is updated every day, Monday through Friday, by systematica...lly searching various bibliographic databases and hand searching selected grey literature sources including preprints from bioRxiv, medRxiv, chemRxiv, and SSRN. The methodology is posted on the website.
You can search the database of citations by author, keyword (in title, author, abstract, subject headings fields), journal, or abstract when available. DOI, PMID, and URL links are included when available.
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Antimicrobials have been a critical public health tool since the discovery of penicillin in 1928, saving the lives of millions of people around the world. Today, however, the emergence of drug resistance is reversing the miracles of the past eighty years, with drug choices for the treatment of many ...infections becoming increasingly limited, expensive, and, in some cases, non-existent.
Conscious of the public health threats of AMR to both humans, animals and the environment, the ministries of health and sanitation, agriculture forestry and food security and the environmental protection agency put together a national multi-sectoral coordinating group tasked with the responsibility of establishing mechanisms to integrate all initiatives into a single concerted action and development of the national AMR strategic plan (2018-2022). The National Strategic Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance is the first approach which addresses AMR specifically.
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Spread of resistance to antimicrobial agents (AMR) does not know national borders and has reached dimensions, which require immediate actions at the national, regional and global levels.
Antibiotic resistance is a natural biological response to improper use of antimicrobial agents (AMA); increasing... number of essential drugs, which become ineffective, contributing to selection, survival and replication of resistant strains of microorganisms. When chosen antimicrobials prove to be ineffective, the second- or third-line drugs need to be used although
in the majority of cases these drugs are more expensive, less safe and not always available.
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A new respiratory infectious disease, COVID-19, caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, emerged in early December 2019. Since then, the virus has spread to India and 106 other countries in Asia, Europe, North America, Africa, and Oceania. On March 11, the World Health Organization (WHO) decl...ared the outbreak a pandemic, which has since rapidly evolved. As an economic hub with substantial global connectivity and movement of people and goods, India is directly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it is too early to gauge the full spectrum of the outbreak’s social and economic impacts, COVID-19 has already caused lockdowns in China, Korea, and in many countries in Europe, and in some states of India, suspension of schools and universities, disruption of food systems and other supply chains, as well as a slowdown in trade between India and rest of the world.
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Journal of Biosocial Science / Volume 34 / Issue 04 / October 2002, pp 525 - 539
DOI: DOI:10.1017/S0021932002005254, Published online: 24 September 2002
This paper examines determinants of one aspect of sexual behaviour – coital frequency – among 2188 married women in the Central African Re...public using a secondary analysis of data from the Demographic and Health Survey of 1994–95. Female genital cutting (or circumcision) is practised in the Central African Republic and self-reported circumcision status was included in the questionnaire enabling it to be examined as a possible determinant of coital frequency. Multiple logistic regression was used to find a subset of factors independently associated with coital frequency.
Decreased coital frequency was found in those who had longer duration of marriage, those who were not the most recent wife in a polygamous marriage and those who had more surviving children. Coital frequency was higher in more educated women and those not contracepting because they wanted to get pregnant. After adjusting for confounders no association between
female genital cutting and coital frequency was found. The extent to which women can control coital frequency in this culture is not known and fertility desires may override any negative effects of circumcision on sexual pleasure.
It was therefore not possible to draw conclusions about how female genital cutting affects a woman’s desire for sexual intercourse and consequently there is a need to develop research methods further to investigate this question.
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Le Burkina Faso traverse des flambées épidémiques complexes sans précédent de la poliomyélite et du virus Corona qui affectent gravement le pays.
Avec de multiples maladies endémiques et d'autres flambées signalées telles que la rougeole, la méningite, le virus Corona, découvert pour l...a première fois en Chine début décembre 2019, a gravement affecté la population du Burkina Faso et son système de santé. Comme c'est le cas pour plusieurs pays Il s'agit de la première histoire de l'épidémie de corona virus dans le Pays, et qui est l'un des pays à avoir enregistré de nombreux cas avec un taux de mortalité élevé. La particularité est le mélange de crise humanitaire et la pandémie COVID-19 marqué par une transmission interhumaine active et étendue dans différentes régions du pays.
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Volunteers are impacted by COVID-19 like everyone else worldwide. They worry about being stigmatized by family and community members, fear contracting the virus, having to be in isolation or quarantine, losing colleagues etc. Volunteers may also be affected by witnessing the death of someone they su...pported or be exhausted by having challenging tasks.
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How does coronavirus (COVID-19) spread? What are the symptoms? Who is at risk? How can you protect yourself and your family? This short animation answers these questions. Local language versions are being prepared. To download for mobile phones and WhatsApp choose SD options. For laptop and desktop ...computers, choose HD options.
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The State of the world’s nursing 2020 report provides the latest, most up-to-date evidence on and policy options for the global nursing workforce. It also presents a compelling case for considerable – yet feasible – investment in nursing education, jobs, and leadership.
The primary chapters... of the report outline the role and contributions of nurses with respect to the WHO “triple billion” targets; the health labour market and workforce policy levers to address the challenges to nurses working to their full potential; the findings from analysis of National Health Workforce Account (NHWA) data from 191 Member States and progress in relation to the projected shortfall of nurses by 2030; and forward-looking policy options for an agenda to strengthen the nursing workforce to deliver the Sustainable Development Goals, improve health for all, and strengthen the primary health care workforce on our journey towards universal health coverage.
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This document, produced by IFRC, UNICEF and WHO, suggests key actions on how people and communities can stay safe and slow down the spread of COVID-19, particularly for contexts where you might have been asked by your local authorities to maintain physical distance or stay home.
Available in: Arabi...c, Bangla, Hindi, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Myanmar, Portuguese, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, Tagalog, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Vietnamese
https://communityengagementhub.org/resource/community-action-guide/
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Ce rapport présente les résultats clés de la cinquième Enquête Démographique et de Santé du Cameroun
(EDSC-V) réalisée sur le terrain du 16 juin 2018 au 19 janvier 2019, par l’Institut National de la Statistique
(INS), en étroite collaboration avec le Ministère de la Santé Publique. ...L’enquête a été financée par le
Gouvernement camerounais, l’Agence des États-Unis pour le Développement International (USAID), le Fonds
des Nations Unies pour la Population (UNFPA) et le Fonds Mondial à travers le Programme National de Lutte
contre le Paludisme (PNLP). D’autres institutions ont également apporté leur expertise à la réalisation de cette
opération. Parmi elles figurent le Centre Pasteur du Cameroun (CPC) pour l’analyse des prélèvements sanguins
afin d’estimer la prévalence du VIH, et le Centre International de Référence Chantal Biya (CIRCB) pour le
contrôle de qualité externe des tests du VIH. ICF a fourni l’assistance technique à l’ensemble du projet par le
biais du Programme Mondial des Enquêtes Démographiques et de Santé, The DHS Program, financé par
l’USAID, et dont l’objectif est de fournir un soutien et une assistance technique aux pays du monde entier pour
la réalisation des enquêtes sur la population et la santé.
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This document sets out the preparedness and response plan of the Nigerian Primary Health Care System for COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease. It outlines the planning scenarios, key areas of work and priority activities required for the Primary Health Care Sector to quickly scale up its core capacity... to prevent, quickly detect, characterize and efficiently respond, in a coordinated manner to the COVID-19 pandemic. These include guidelines for the setup and operationalization of COVID-19 response platforms at the national and state levels, guidelines for the provision of PHC services during the pandemic to minimize transmission in PHCs as well as guidelines for preparedness and response of PHC Centres and communities for COVID-19 case detection and response.
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April 2020
This document explains the scope of the logistics services provided by the National Logistics Cluster, in support of the COVID-19 response in Nepal, how humanitarian actors and Nepal Government may access these services, and the conditions under which these services will be provided. T...he objective of the transport and storage services is to support humanitarian organisations and Government to establish a supply chain of medicines, medical goods and medical equipment mandated by the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) for Prevention of COVID-19transmission, control and treatment to the hospitals and primary healthcare facilities.
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Les données COVID-19 anonymisées reçues des États Parties par l’intermédiaire de la plateforme de données COVID-19 resteront la propriété de l’État Partie contributeur et seront utilisées par l’OMS à des fins de vérification, d’évaluation et d’assistance conformément au RSI (...2005), notamment pour éclairer la riposte de santé publique et les mesures cliniques en rapport avec la flambée épidémique de COVID-19. Pour aider à atteindre ces objectifs, l’OMS établira un groupe consultatif clinique indépendant chargé de conseiller l’OMS sur la communication et l’analyse des données COVID-19 anonymisées au niveau mondial.
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Le COVID-19 est un nouveau coronavirus, proche de celui du Syndrome Respiratoire Aigu Sévère (SRAS) qui avait été à l’origine d’une épidémie meurtrière en 2003. L’infection par ce nouveau coronavirus se manifeste le plus souvent par une fièvre et des signes respiratoires pouvant se co...mpliquer par un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë. Jusqu’à présent, la plupart des cas graves ont été signalés chez des personnes souffrant d’autres problèmes de santé, comme le cancer, le diabète ou une maladie rénale ; ou encore parmi des travailleurs de la santé qui sont en contact étroit avec les malades.
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Orientations provisoires
6 avril 2020
Le présent document résume les recommandations de l’OMS sur l’utilisation rationnelle de l’équipement de protection individuelle (EPI) dans les établissements de santé et lors des soins à domicile, ainsi que lors de la manipulation des cargaison...s; il évalue également les perturbations qui touchent actuellement la chaîne d’approvisionnement mondiale et les éléments à considérer pour la prise de décisions en cas de grave pénurie d’EPI.
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Facing the COVID-19 (new coronavirus disease) pandemic, the countries of the world must take decisive action to stop the spread of the virus. In these critical circumstances, it is es- sential that everyone is informed about other health risks and hazards so that they can stay safe and healthy.
The... following factsheet provides important information that you should know about alcohol consumption and COVID-19. It addresses, among other things, the misinformation that is being spread through social media and other communication channels about alcohol and COVID-19.
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9 April 2020
WHO has published the guidance “Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected” This document is intended for clinicians taking care of hospitalized adult and paediatric patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) whe...n COVID-19 infection is suspected. Optimized supportive care should be provided to ensure the best possible chance for survival of COVID-19 patients as described in the WHO guidance:
1. Management of severe COVID-19 requires oxygen therapy and monitoring. Supplemental oxygen therapy should be given immediately to patients with SARI and respiratory distress, hypoxaemia or shock.
2. Management of critical COVID-19 (acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)) requires advanced oxygen/ventilatory support.
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Accessed: 02.05.2020
These consolidated guidelines provide recommendations for comprehensive prevention and case management strategies in Kenya
Scope of the Guidelines: Infection prevention and control Patient triage Emergency Medical Services Case management Laboratory testing algorithm
Target... Audience: Health care workers taking care of patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19
These guidelines combine both preventive and clinical management of the disease in Kenyan context. The protocol borrows various international recommendations including the World Health Organization, from experience of other countries such as China that has struggled with the outbreak for a longer time and from principles of virology and infectious disease management.
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