Current evidence that the climate is changing is overwhelming. Impacts of climate change and variability are being observed: more intense heat-waves, fires and floods; and increased prevalence of food- water- and vector-borne diseases. Climate change will put pressure on environmental and health det...erminants, such as food safety, air pollution and water quantity and quality. A climate-resilient future depends fundamentally on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Limiting warming to below 2 °C requires transformational technological, institutional, political and behavioural changes: the foundations for this are laid out in the Paris Agreement of December 2015. The health sector can lead by example, shifting to environmentally friendly practices and minimizing its carbon emissions. A climate-resilient future will increasingly depend on managing and reducing climate change risks to protect health. In the near term, this can be enhanced by including climate change in national health programming and creating climate-resilient health systems.
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                                                                For practitioners in humanitarian and development contexts
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                What are the local beliefs and practices around illnesses and death, the transmission of disease and spirituality, which affect decision-making (around health-seeking behaviour, caring for relatives and nature of burials) and can inform effective behaviour change interventions for preventing Ebola i...n Sierra Leone?
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                                                                The Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008, presents evidence-
based recommendations on the preferred methods for cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of patient-
care medical devices and for cleaning and disinfecting the healthcare environment. This docume...nt 
supercedes the relevant sections contained in the 1985 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Guideline for 
Handwashing and Environmental Control. 1 Because maximum effectiveness from disinfection and 
sterilization results from first cleaning and removing organic and inorganic materials, this document also 
reviews cleaning methods. The chemical disinfectants discussed for patient-care equipment include 
alcohols, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, iodophors, ortho-phthalaldehyde, peracetic 
acid, phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chlorine. The choice of disinfectant, 
concentration, and exposure time is based on the risk for infection associated with use of the equipment 
and other factors discussed in this guideline. The sterilization methods discussed include steam 
sterilization, ethylene oxide (ETO), hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, and liquid peracetic acid. When 
properly used, these cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization processes can reduce the risk for infection 
associated with use of invasive and noninvasive medical and surgical devices. However, for these 
processes to be effective, health-care workers should adhere strictly to the cleaning, disinfection, and 
sterilization recommendations in this document and to instructions on product labels.
LAST UPDATE 2019
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                                                                Malaria Journal (2021) 20:190
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                The world has been turned on its head by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This has provided a stark wakeup call on the severe under-financing of health systems around the world. It has laid bare the inequalities and limitations in the capacities of countries at all levels of develop...ment to prevent major health crises or respond to them. But it doesn’t have to be this way.
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                                                                The WHO document "Integrating the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and sexual and reproductive health programmes: implementation guidance" provides a framework for integrating noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) into existing health programs for HIV/AIDS, tub...erculosis (TB), and sexual and reproductive health (SRH). It emphasizes the importance of a people-centered approach to enhance healthcare accessibility and efficiency, especially in low-resource settings. The document outlines strategies for strengthening policy, financing, capacity building, and health system infrastructure. It offers actionable steps, tools, and case studies to support countries in reducing the burden of NCDs through integrated, holistic care within primary health services.
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                                                                Integrating the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and sexual and reproductive health programmes: implementation guidance
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                Self-care interventions are among the most promising and exciting new approaches to improve health and well-being, both from a health systems perspective and for people who use these interventions. The World Health Organization (WHO) uses the following working definition of self-care: Self-care is t...he ability of individuals, families and communities to promote health, prevent disease, maintain health, and cope with illness and disability with or without the support of a health- care provider
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