the aid library

LIST OPTIONS

Filter

1855

Country Score Justifications And References: Zambia

Global Health Security Index (2021) CC

This document is a compilation of all questions, justifications, and sources used to determine the 2021 Global Health Security Index scores for Zambia. For a category and indicator-level summary, please see the Country Profile for Zambia.

Download (189)

View PDF (149)

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

Download (65)

View PDF (48)

Malaria Progress Report 2024

African Union, ALMA, and RMB Partnership to End Malaria (2024) CC2

According to the WHO, there were an estimated 251 million malaria cases (95% of global cases) and 579,414 malaria deaths (97% of global deaths) in African Union Member States in 2023. 76% of these deaths were children under the age of five.

Download (1191)

View PDF (1403)

Enquête Démographique et de Santé à Indicateurs Multiples Sénégal (EDS-MICS) 2010-2011. Rapport Final

Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie (ANSD) Dakar, Sénégal et MEASURE DHS, ICF International (2012) C1

Download (245)

View PDF (383)

Afrique de l'Ouest - Pendemie de la COVID-19: Impact des mesures de restriction, December 2020

World Food Program WFP (2020) CC

Download (1103)

View PDF (1547)

Towards Access 2030. WHO Medicines and Health Products Programme Strategic Framework 2016-2030

(2017) C_WHO

Download (298)

View PDF (413)

Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDSB-IV) 2011-2012, Bénin

Ministère du Développement, de l’Analyse Économique et de la Prospective Institut National de la Statistique et de l’Analyse Économique (INSAE) Cotonou, Bénin The DHS Program (2013) C2

Ce rapport présente les principaux résultats de la quatrième édition de Enquête Démographique et de Santé du Bénin (EDSB-IV), réalisée de décembre 2011 à mars 2012 par l’Institut National de la Statistique et de l’Analyse Économique (INSAE) sous la tutelle du Ministère du Dévelo... more

Download (1039)

View PDF (1588)

Scaling Up Nutrition - a Framework for Action

Standing committee on Nutrition SCN, et al. (2008)

Download (321)

View PDF (333)

Ending disease in Africa: vision, strategies and special initiatives, 2023-2030

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

While there has been real progress in addressing the burden of disease in the WHO African region, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the link between health, economics and security, as the region saw decades of progress threatened, including positive trends in decreasing inequality. In the Africa... more

Download (609)

View PDF (632)

Enquête Démographique et de Santé de Madagascar 2008-2009

Institut National de la Statistique (INSTAT) et ICF Macro (2010) C1

Download (317)

View PDF (340)

African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2020–2025
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organization WHO, et al. (2021) CC

Reports of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microorganisms are increasing globally, threatening to render existing treatments ineffective against many infectious diseases. In Africa, AMR has already been documented to be a problem for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the pathogens that cause mala... more

Download (2460)

View PDF (981)

SWAZILAND PHARMACEUTICAL STRATEGIC PLAN 2012–2016

Ministry of Health, Swaziland (2013) C2

Download (266)

View PDF (257)

Covid-19 Pandemic: Impact of restriction measures in West Africa

World Food Program WFP (2020) CC

Download (251)

View PDF (261)

Framework for Fair, Equitable and Timely Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccines in Africa. Highlights Day 1

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) C1

The virtual conference, co-organised by the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) and the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) brought together African leaders, public health professionals and researchers, policymakers, business leaders and civil society and commun... more

Download (400)

View PDF (399)

Kangaroo mother care: a transformative innovation in health care

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

This document puts forward the joint position and vision of an expert, global, multistakeholder working group on implementing Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) for all preterm or low birth weight (LBW) infants as the foundation for small and/or sick newborn care within maternal, newborn, and child health p... more

Download (556)

View PDF (951)

Assistance to Victims of Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War: Guidance on Child-focused Victim Assistance. Chapter 5.6.: Laws and policies

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2014)

External Link

Framework for Environmental and Social Management

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2023) CC

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) launched a new Framework for Environmental and Social Management (FESM) to ensure that both people and the environment are protected from any potential impacts of FAO programmes and projects. “This Framework ensures that our proj... more

Download (316)

View PDF (469)

Communication in neglected Tropical Diseases' elimination: A scoping review and call for action

Nieto-Sanchez C., Hatley DM, Gijalva MJ., et al. (2022) CC

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 16(10): e0009774. Although the practice of communication is often called upon when intervening asn involgvingcommunties affected by NTD's, the disciplinary framewokr of healt communication research has been largely absent from NTD strategies. To illustrate how practices conceptual... more

Download (1015)

View PDF (1120)

Evaluating protection in humanitarian action: Decision-making processes, common issues and challenges

Francesca Bonino and Ian Christoplos ALNAP (2016) CC

Despite the stated centrality of protection in humanitarian action and a growing attention to protection activities, the evaluation of protection has received relatively little attention. This pilot guide seeks to fill this gap, providing insights and guidance to those evaluating protection in the c... more

Download (1188)

View PDF (1342)

Tanzania: Ushauri Nasaha na Upimaji wa VVU kwa Hiari Modul 1

Ministry of Health and the Social Welfare, Tanzania (2010) C1

Kujitambua

African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2020–2025 recommended

African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2020–2025
recommended