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EPI 2: First-line anti-epileptic medication for management of acute convulsive seizures, when intravenous access is available [2015]

mhGAP; WHO (2015) C_WHO

SCOPING QUESTION: In adults with acute convulsive seizures, where intravenous access is available, which first-line anti- epileptic medication should be used to abort seizures when compared to comparator?

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Role of EEG in management of convulsive epilepsy

World Health Organization WHO (2012) C_WHO

Q5: What is the added advantage of doing an electroencephalography (EEG) in people with convulsive epilepsy in non- specialist settings in low and middle income countries?

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Role of neuroimaging in management of convulsive epilepsy

World Health Organization WHO (2012) C_WHO

Q6: What is the added advantage of doing neuroimaging in people with convulsive epilepsy in non-specialist settings in low and middle income countries?

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Diagnosis of convulsive epilepsy by non-specialist health care providers

World Health Organization WHO (2012) C_WHO

Q4: Can convulsive epilepsy be diagnosed at first level care by a non-specialist health care provider in low and middle income country settings?

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Caring for someone with Epilepsy

Christoffel-Blindenmission (CBM) (2012) C2

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Prendre soin d’une personne vivant avec l’Epilepsie

Christoffel-Blindenmission (CBM) (2012) C2

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Determinants Of Coital Frequency Among Married Women In Central African Republic: The Role Of Female Genital Cutting

Stewart H.; L. Morrison; R. White Journal of Biosocial Science (2002) C1

Journal of Biosocial Science / Volume 34 / Issue 04 / October 2002, pp 525 - 539 DOI: DOI:10.1017/S0021932002005254, Published online: 24 September 2002 This paper examines determinants of one aspect of sexual behaviour – coital frequency – among 2188 married women in the Central African Re... more

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Modelling interventions to control COVID-19 outbreaks in a refugee camp

Gilman, R.T.; S. Mahroof-Shaffi, C. Harkensee, A.T Chamberlain (2020) CC

BMJ Global Health, Vol.5 No. 12Spatial subdivision of the camp (‘sectoring’) was able to ‘flatten the curve’, reducing peak infection by up to 70% and delaying peak infection by up to several months. The use of face masks coupled with the efficient isolation of infected individuals reduced t... more

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Misinformation, Disinformation, And Malinformation: Clarifying The Definitions And Examples In Disinfodemic Times

Santos-D'Amorim K, Fernandes de Oliveira Mirand MK Encontros Bibli (2021) C1

It describes and analyzes the theoretical-practical incidences of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation, including but not limited to the Information Science framework. Besides, it aims to outline an understanding of these three concepts based on 16 arrangements intercon... more

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Expanding the Single-Visit Approach for Cervical Cancer Prevention: Successes and Lessons From Burkina Faso

Ouedraogo Y., Furlane G., Fruhauf T. et al. Global Health: Science and Practice (2018) CC

Background: Cervical cancer accounts for 23% of cancer incidence and 22% of cancer mortality among women in Burkina Faso. These proportions are more than 2 and 5 times higher than those of developed countries, respectively. Before 2010, cervical cancer prevention (CECAP) services in Burkina Faso wer...e limited to temporary screening campaigns. Program Description: Between September 2010 and August 2014, program implementers collaborated with the Ministry of Health and professional associations to implement a CECAP program focused on coupling visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for screening with same-day cryotherapy treatment for eligible women in 14 facilities. Women with larger lesions or lesions suspect for cancer were referred for loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). The program trained providers, raised awareness through demand generation activities, and strengthened monitoring capacity. Methods: Data on program activities, service provision, and programmatic lessons were analyzed. Three data collection tools, an individual client form, a client registry, and a monthly summary sheet, were used to track 3 key CECAP service indicators: number of women screened using VIA, proportion of women who screened VIA positive, and proportion of women screening VIA positive who received same-day cryotherapy. Results: Over 4 years, the program screened 13,999 women for cervical cancer using VIA; 8.9% screened positive; and 65.9% received cryotherapy in a single visit. The proportion receiving cryotherapy on the same day started at a high of 82% to 93% when services were provided free of charge, but dropped to 51% when a user fee of $10 was applied to cover the cost of supplies. After reducing the fee to $4 in November 2012, the proportion increased again to 78%. Implementation challenges included difficulties tracking referred patients, stock-outs of key supplies, difficulties with machine maintenance, and prohibitive user fees. Providers were trained to independently monitor services, identify gaps, and take corrective actions. Conclusions: Following dissemination of the results that demonstrated the acceptability and feasibility of the CECAP program, the Burkina Faso Ministry of Health included CECAP services in its minimum service delivery package in 2016. Essential components for such programs include provider training on VIA, cryotherapy, and LEEP; provider and patient demand generation; local equipment maintenance; consistent supply stocks; referral system for LEEP; non-prohibitive fees; and a monitoring data collection system. more

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An EAPC white paper on multi-disciplinary education for spiritual care in palliative care

Megan Best, Carlo Leget, Andrew Goodhead and Piret Paal BMC Palliative Care (2020) CC

The EAPC White Paper addresses the issue of spiritual care education for all palliative care professionals. It is to guide health care professionals involved in teaching or training of palliative care and spiritual care; stakeholders, leaders and decision makers responsible for training and educati... more

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Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on provision of sexual and reproductive health services in primary health facilities in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Adelekan, B.; E. Goldson, Z. Abubakar et al. Repoductive Health Journal (2021) CC

RESULTS: Between 76 and 97% of the PHCS offered RMCAH services before the lockdown. Except in antenatal, delivery and adolescent care, there was a decline of between 2 and 6% in all the services during the lockdown and up to 10% decline after the lockdown with variation across and within States. Dur... more

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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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El impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud mental de los trabajadores de la salud en Chile: datos iniciales de The Health Care Workers Study

Alvarado R., Ramírez J. et al (2021) C2

Background: Healthcare workers’ mental health was affected by SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Aim: To evaluate healthcare workers’ mental health and its associated factors during the pandemic in Chile. Material and Methods: An online self-reported questionnaire was designed including the Goldberg Healt... more

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Hesitation and Refusal Factors in Individuals' Decision-Making Processes Regarding a Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination

Cerda A. A., Garcia L. Y. (2021) C2

Introduction: Considering the global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a vaccine is being developed to control the disease as a complementary solution to hygiene measures—and better, in social terms, than social distancing. Given that a vaccine will eventually be produced, informa... more

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Public Policy Responses to Address the Mental Health Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From Chile

Irarrazaval M., Norambuena P. et al Frontiers in Public Health (2021) C2

Objectives: This paper reviews the mental health policies that have been implemented in Chile in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the international context of countries' responses. Even before the start of the pandemic, there were significant barriers to access mental health services in Chile, ... more

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Clinical management of East African trypanosomiasis in South Africa: Lessons learned

Frean J., Sieling W., Pahad H. et al International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2018) C2

Background: East African trypanosomiasis is an uncommon, potentially lethal disease if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. South Africa, as a centre for emergency medical evacuations from much of sub-Saharan Africa, receives a high proportion of these patients, mostly tourists and expatria... more

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Sustainable financing: Report by the Director-General

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2021) CC

The biennium 2020–2021 has revealed more clearly than ever the need for a strong, credible and independent WHO on the world stage. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis has demonstrated the fundamental importance of the global detection, response and coordination roles that only WHO can play a... more

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Evaluating official development assistance-funded granting mechanisms for global health and development research that is initiated in high-income countries

Cassola, A.; Baral, P.; Røttingen, J.A.; Hoffman, S. BMC (2022) CC

Background: Several countries allocate official development assistance (ODA) for research on global health and development issues that is initiated in the donor country. The integration of such research within domestic research systems aligns with efforts to coordinate ODA investments with science, ... more

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Preliminary evaluation of the WHO Special Programme on Primary Health Care: report

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

The evaluation covers the period January 2020 to August 2023. The geographical scope of the evaluation has involved the three levels of WHO (global, regional and country levels) and external key partners. The programmatic evaluation scope was concerned with assessing the SP-PHC in the following area... more