Child Survival working Group
Accessed: 18.10.2019
Epidemiology
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and transmitted to humans by infected triatomine bugs, and less commonly by transfusion, organ transplant, from mother to infant, and in rare instances, by ingestion of contaminated food or... drink.1-4 The hematophagous triatomine vectors defecate during or immediately after feeding on a person. The parasite is present in large numbers in the feces of infected bugs, and enters the human body through the bite wound, or through the intact conjunctiva or other mucous membrane.
Vector-borne transmission occurs only in the Americas, where an estimated 8 to 10 million people have Chagas disease.5 Historically, transmission occurred largely in rural areas in Latin America, where houses built of mud brick are vulnerable to colonization by the triatomine vectors.4 In such areas, Chagas disease usually is acquired in childhood. In the last several decades, successful vector control programs have substantially decreased transmission rates in much of Latin America, and large-scale migration has brought infected individuals to cities both within and outside of Latin America.
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WHO/UNAIDS 2017 | Statement
National estimates have been developed every two years since 2003, led by the NCASC with close collaboration from a range of technical experts, partners and epidemiologists from the UNAIDS, WHO and FHI. This contains information about estimations of adult HIV prevalence.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.03.006
Open Access
Brussels, December 16. 2016
Health and Human Rights Journal
December 2016 / Volume 18 / Number 2 / Papers, 171-182
Research Article
Hindawi
BioMed Research International
Volume 2018, Article ID 9619684, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9619684
Research Article
PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192791 February 15, 2018