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Gender and COVID-19

World Health Organisation (2020) C_WHO

Pandemics and outbreaks have differential impacts on women and men. From risk of exposure and biological susceptibility to infection to the social and economic implications, individuals’ experiences are likely to vary according to their biological and gender characteristics and... more

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Latest health spending trends: Navigating beyond the recent crises

Mueller M., Morgan D. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2024) CC

With the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing energy and cost-of-living crises, many OECD countries have had to face significant economic and societal challenges over the last five years. The succession of crises has had important implications for health systems and the available resources allocated to... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Government Health Spending Outlook - Projections Through 2029: Diverging Fiscal Pressures, Uneven Constraints

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The World Bank (2024) CC

This paper examines the implications of the IMF’s April 2024 macro-fiscal forecast updates on government health expenditure (GHE) across 170 economies through 2029, covering nearly all years remaining to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings reveal wide disparities in gove... more

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Financing for Sustainable Development Report 2024

Inter-agency Task Force on Financing for Development United Nations (UN) (2024) CC

The world is facing a sustainable development crisis. The 2024 Financing for Sustainable Development Report: Financing for Development at a Crossroads finds that financing challenges are at the heart of the crisis and imperil the SDGs and climate action. The window to rescue the SDGs and prevent a c... more

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WHO guideline on preventing early pregnancy and poor reproductive outcomes among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2025) CC

The objectives of this guideline are the same as those of the 2011 edition, namely to provide evidence-based normative guidance on interventions to improve adolescent morbidity and mortality by reducing the chances of early pregnancy and its resulting poor health outcomes. The specific objectives of... more

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Pregnant adolescents and nurses perspectives on accessibility and utilization of maternal and child health information in Ohangwena Region, Namibia

Shatilwe, J. T.; Hlongwana, K.; Mashamba-Thompson, T. P. (2022) CC2

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022 Apr 5;22(1):284. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04619-w. Adolescent reproductive health is still a challenge in Low and Middle Income Come Countries (LMICs). However, the reasons for the inability of most pregnant adolescent girls to access and utilize maternal and child heal... more

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Health Namibia Budget Brief

UNICEF (2022) C_UNICEF

Strengthening health financing to accelerate progress towards universal health coverage. Total Government Health Expenditure exceeds the commitment by African Union member states to commit at least 15% of their budgets to the health sector. With a sector allocation of 16.6% of total budget in 2022/... more

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Communication Guide for Malaria Control Interventions 2015-2020

The Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Tanzania (2015) CC

This Communication Guide for Malaria Control Interventions is aligned with Tanzania’s Malaria Strategic Plan (2015–2020) and provides comprehensive guidance on the implementation of Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of malaria. It is int... more

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TB/HIV Coinfection Regional Clinical Manual 2017 Update

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2018) C_WHO

The purpose of this guide is to provide updated clinical guidance on TB/HIV, with an emphasis on diagnostic aspects—including new techniques—as well as current treatment, while maintaining a public health approach. By compiling and consolidating the latest World Health Organization recommendatio... more

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Malaria surveillance, monitoring & evaluation: a reference manual

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

Pillar 3 of the Global technical strategy for malaria 2016–2030 calls for the transformation of malaria surveillance into a core intervention in all malaria-endemic countries, as well as in countries which have eliminated malaria but remain susceptible to re-establishment of transmission. This ref... more

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Mass gathering practical guide for simulation exercises and after action reviews

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

This guide provides strategic direction for host countries, event organizers, health authorities, and key stakeholders to effectively plan and conduct Simulation Exercises (SimEx) and After Action Reviews (AARs) for mass gathering events. Packed with practical tools, it empowers users to seamlessly ... more

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Extending the WHO scheme for external quality assessment of nucleic acid amplification testing for monitoring antimalarial drug resistance: meeting report, 14 July 2023

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

WHO recommends artemisinin-based combination therapies for treating uncomplicated malaria, alongside studies to monitor treatment effectiveness. Given the threat of antimalarial resistance, including partial resistance in several African countries, molecular tools are vital for tracking resistance. ... more

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Profil sanitaire complet du Burkina Faso - Module 4 - Déterminants clés de la santé

Ministère de la Santé, Burkina Faso (2017) C2

Ainsi, le présent profil peint le faciès épidémiologique du pays pour l’année 2015 avec un clin d’œil sur le niveau de réalisation des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD) et un focus particulier sur l’appropriation des Objectifs de développement durable (ODD). Il e... more

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Live life : Guide pratique pour la prévention du suicide dans les pays

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

Plus de 700 000 personnes perdent la vie par suicide chaque année. La réduction d’un tiers du taux mondial de mortalité par suicide d’ici à 2030 est à la fois un indicateur et une cible (la seule pour la santé mentale) dans les objectifs de développement durable des Nations Unies et dans ... more

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Diagnostic Local Participatif sur les Personnes Handicapees ...

Handicap international (2012) C2

La présente étude a permis, non seulement de mieux connaître les différents acteurs de la ville de Cotonou sur la thématique du handicap, mais également de mettre en lumière les actions qu’ils mènent. La problématique du handicap est mal connue dans la ville de Cotonou : pas de statist... more

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Vivir la vida. Guía de aplicación para la prevención del suicidio en los países
recommended

World Health Organization WHO, PAHO (2021) C_WHO

Cada año, más de 700.000 personas pierden la vida por suicidio, la cuarta causa principal de mortalidad entre las personas de 15 a 29 años y la tercera entre las niñas de 15 a 19 años. La reducción de la tasa mundial de mortalidad por suicidio en un tercio para el 2030 es un indicador de los O... more

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Lista de verificação para apoiar a reabertura das escolas e a preparação para ressurgimentos da COVID-19 ou crises de saúde pública semelhantes.

Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde OPAS (2021) CC

Checklist to support the reopening of schools and preparation for resurgences of COVID-19 or similar public health crises. O objetivo desta lista de verificação é reforçar a conformidade e a adesão às medidas de saúde pública delineadas no documento recentemente atualizado Considerations fo... more

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Donaciones de dispositivos médicos: consideraciones relativas a su solicitud y suministro

Organización Panamericana de la Salud (2011) C_WHO

WHO Medical Devices Donations - SPANISH Version - Las tecnologías sanitarias son fundamentales en un sistema de salud operativo. Los dispositivos médicos, en concreto, son cruciales para la prevención, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la rehabilitación de enfermedades. Estos documentos están d... more

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Guidance on Home Quarantine & Isolation in Overcrowded Settings

UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR (2020) C1

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on how quarantine and isolation can be achieved if there is a suspected or confirmed case in an overcrowded setting. It will focus on informal settlements and collective shelters, but the guidance can be applied in non-refugee settings as well, suc... more

WHO guideline on preventing early pregnancy and poor reproductive outcomes among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries recommended

Vivir la vida. Guía de aplicación para la prevención del suicidio en los países recommended

WHO guideline on preventing early pregnancy and poor reproductive outcomes among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries
recommended

Vivir la vida. Guía de aplicación para la prevención del suicidio en los países
recommended