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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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Briefing on the Situation of Ebola Virus Disease in Coastal West Africa and the Response of the Caritas Confederation and other Catholic Church-inspired Organizations

Vitillo, B. (2014)

Report of Meeting: 4 November 2014, Roma

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The Current State of CHW Training Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

Cindil Redick& annah Sarah Faich Dini One Million Community Health Workers Campaign | mPowering Frontline Health Workers (2014) C2

What We Know, What We Don’t Know, and What We Need to Do

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WHO Prequalification of In Vitro Diagnostics - Public Report (Product: GeeniusTM HIV 1/2 Confirmatory Assay with GeeniusTM HIV 1/2 Confirmatory Controls, WHO reference number: PQDx 0181-031-00)

World Health Organization (2017) C_WHO

PQDx 0181-031-00 WHO PQ Public Report March/2017, version 3.0

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Prevention of sexual transmission of Ebola in Liberia through a national semen testing and counselling programme for survivors: an analysis of Ebola virus RNA results and behavioural data

Soka, M.J.; M.J. Choi; A. Baller, et al. (2016) CC

The Lancet Global Health 2016 Published Online August 30, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30175-9

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Cascade of care among HIV patients diagnosed in 2013 in Georgia: Risk factors for late diagnosis and attrition from HIV care

E. Ruadze; N. Chkhartishvili; O. Chokoshvili; T. Tsertsvadze SAGE Open Medicine (2017) C2

Original Article SAGE Open Medicine Volume 5: 1–7 © The Author(s) 2017 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav httpDs:O//dIo: i1.o0r.g1/107.171/2770/52035013212171773311977 journals.sagepub.com/home/smo

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Stark choices: exploring health sector costs of policy responses to COVID-19 in low-income and middle-income countries

Torres-Rueda S.; S. Sweeney; F. Bozzani et al. BMJ Global Health (2021) C2

COVID-19 has altered health sector capacity in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cost data to inform evidence-based priority setting are urgently needed. Consequently, in this paper, we calculate the full economic health sector costs of COVID-19 clinical management in 79 LMICs under di... more

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Antibiotic Resistance in Food Animals in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Founou, L.L.; D. Gyamfi Amoako, R. Carrel Founou, et al. (2015) C2

MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCEVolume 24, Number 5, 2018ªMary Ann Liebert, Inc.DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0383 Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a worldwide publichealth concern, with serious health, economic, and so-cietal repercussions. Its emergence is attributed to the se-lective pressure exerted by antib... more

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Measures to strengthen primary health-care systems in low- and middle-income countries

Etienne V Langlois, Andrew Mc Kenzie, Helen Schneider & Jeffrey W Mecaskey World Health Organization (2020) C_WHO

Primary health care offers a cost–effective route to achieving universal health coverage (UHC). However, primary health-care systems are weak in many low- and middle-income countries and often fail to provide comprehensive, people-centred, integrated care. We analysed the primar... more

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Automated Real-time Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology for Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance: Xpert MTB/RIF System. (Russian Version)

World Health Organization (2011) C_WHO

Автоматизированная технология амплификации нуклеиновых кислот в режиме реального времени для быстрого и одновременного выявления туберкулеза и устойчивости к р... more

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Drugs for Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy: Current Knowledge and Way Forward

Figueroa-Romero, A.; C. Pons-Duran, and R. Gonzalez (2022) CC

Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2022, 7, 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7080152

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Zambia Country Report. Monitoring the Declaration of Commitment on HIV and AIDS and the Universal Access

National HIVAIDS Council Zambia (2015) CC

Biennial Report. SUBMITTED TO THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY SPECIAL SESSION ON HIV AND AIDS Reporting period: January 2012 – December 2013

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Strengthening Pre-service Pharmacy Training on Rational Medicine Use and Antimicrobial Resistance

Mohan P. Joshi Malaïka Ludman Dan Kibuule, et al. USAID; SIAPS; Univ. Namibia (2014) C1

Curriculum reform efforts to enhance training on rational medicine use (RMU) and AMR should pay particular attention to ensuring that the right topics are integrated and the right teaching-learning methodologies are adopted.

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Diagnosis disclosure to adolescents living with HIV in rural Kenya improves antiretroviral therapy adherence and immunologic outcomes: A retrospective cohort study

G. J. Montalto; Fredrick K. Sawe; A. Miruka; et al. Plos One (2017) CC

PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183180 October 9, 2017

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WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis: module 4: treatment: tuberculosis care and support
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The consolidated guidelines are complemented by an operational handbook which is designed to assist with implementation of the WHO recommendations by Member States, technical partners and others who are involved in the management of patients with DR-TB. The WHO Operational Handbook on Tuberculosis, ... more

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Understanding modelling approaches for sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health, and nutrition

World Health Organization WHO; UNICEF and UNFPA (2021) C_WHO

Modelling the health impacts of disruptions to essential health services during COVID-19 Module 1 Several epidemiological models have been created to assess the potential impact of disruptions to essential health services caused by COVID-19 on morbidity and mortality from conditions other than COVI... more

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Community-facility Linkages to Support the Scale up of Lifelong Treatment for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women Living with HIV: A Conceptual Framework, Compendium of Promising Practices and Key Operat

Ackerman Gulaid, Laurie United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2015)

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Recommendations of the German Central Committee against Tuberculosis (DZK) and the German Respiratory Society (DGP) for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-tuberculous Mycobacterioses

N. Schoenfeld, W. Haas, E. Richter, et al. (2016) C2

Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie nichttuberkulöser Mykobakteriosen des Deutschen Zentralkomitees zur Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose (DZK) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP). Schönfeld N et al. Recommendations of the German Central Committee… Pneumolo... more